Passage 14

　　What is the biggest city in the world？ That is， __1__ city has the largest population？ This seems like __2__ question to answer， but actually it isn't.

　　It's actually rather difficult to say which cities __3__ the largest. There are two reasons for this difficulty. First of all， it isn't easy to determine a city's boundaries， that is， where a city ends. Nowadays， nearly all cities have a large __4__ area around them. So when we talk about the population of a city， we often mean the population of the whole metropolitan area around the city. That means that it's difficult to determine what the population of a city is because it's difficult to define what a city is. The second reason that it is difficult to __5__ the population of different cities is this： it is almost impossible to get __6__ about the population of all cities for the same year. For example， we might get an estimate of New York's population in 1979 and an __7__ of Mexico City's population in 1981. So we really can't compare the numbers because the information is for __8__ different years. And the population of cities changes rather quickly， especially in some cases. For example， the population of Beijing， China may increase by 5% each year， so the population figure will change rather quickly.

　　So we can say that these are our two __9__ for comparing the populations of cities： one， it's difficult to determine the __10__ of a city， and two， it is difficult to get accurate information.

　　1. A. what B. which C. where D. how

　　2. A. a difficult B. a troublesome C. easy D. an easy

　　3. A. are B. were C. is D. was

　　4. A. city B. urban C. suburban D. countryside

　　countryside： 乡村、农村

　　The English countryside looks at its best in spring.

　　5. A. compile B. compare C. conduct D. conclusion

　　compile 收集、编辑

　　The police have compiled a list of suspects.

　　conduct 领导、控制

　　I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door.

　　6.??A. informations B. knowledge C. background D. information

　　information 是不可数名词。

　　7. A. estimated B. count C. calculate D. estimate

　　8. A. one B. two C. three D. four

　　9. A. questions B. answers C. solutions D. problems

　　question和problem的中文意思均为“问题”，但question指需要对方回答的问题，如：

　　My question is what language is spoken in Spain.

　　problem指需要解决的问题。如：

　　It will be a big problem if you are always satisfied with what you have got.

　　10. A. limits B. end C. limit D. edge

　　limit： 表示界限、界线时，常用复数。如：

　　within the city limits在该城范围内

　　end： 末端、尽头。如：

　　the end of a road 路的终点

　　the house at the end of the street在街道尽头的房子

　　edge： 边缘。如：

　　He fell off the edge of the cliff.他从悬崖边上摔下来了。

　　（fall-fell-fallen）

　　涉及到上下文的有6道，语法的有1道

　　Passage 15

　　There have been many great __1__. The first great invention was one that is still very important today——the wheel. This made it easier to carry __2__ things and to travel long distances.

　　In the early 1800s the world __3__ to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life better.

　　In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera， the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part __4__ our life today.

　　The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions： the helicopter in 1909， movies with sound in 1926， the computer in 1928， and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time __5__ a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wore.

　　The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people __6__ disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live __7__ lives. By the 1960's most people could expect to live to be at least 60.

　　By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began __8__ ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries， including China and Japan， have made their steps into space.

　　In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a __9__ though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet __10__.

　　1. A. discoveries B. creations C. invention D. inventions

　　2. A. heavy B. light C. clumsy D. smart

　　此题为逻辑思维题。本题有easier， carry， 表明“携带┄┄更方便”，经过推理，heavy 最合适。

　　clumsy （指工具、家具等）难用的，难移动的，设计欠佳的。

　　eg. It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes.

　　穿着这双笨重的鞋走路真难受。

　　3. A. begin B. open C. started D. start

　　be/become a part of sth.

　　4. A. in B. for C. to D. of

　　time在定语从句中做时间状语

　　这个定语从句所修饰的先行词是time

　　5. A. while B. when C. where D. at

　　while 和 when 的区别在于while常与进行时态的动词连用，when常与一般时态的动词连用。

　　eg. He fell asleep while （he was） doing his homework.

　　I always remember the time when we spent in New York last year.

　　6. A. over B. come C. get over D. get back

　　get over sth. 克服、战胜、掌握

　　7. A. longer B. shorter C. long D. short

　　go by （1） （时间）过去、消逝eg. The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。

　　（2 ） go by sth. 遵照或依照某事物eg. That's a good rule to go by.那是要遵守的好规则。

　　8. A. going by B. liking C. looking for D. studying

　　9. A. begin B. beginning C. began D. starting

　　starting的错误是因为 start本身是名词。

　　例如：We won't finish the job today but we'll have made a good start.这工作我们今天是做不完的，但可以开个好头。

　　10. A. dreamed B. dreaming C. to dream of D. dreamed of

　　dream of/about doing sth. 想象、幻想，或梦想某事物。

　　eg. He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist.

　　他梦想有朝一日成为著名的小提琴家。

　　涉及到上下文的有2道，涉及到语法的有3道

　　Passage 16

　　Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given， instructors expect students to be with the __1__ in the reading even if they don't discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be __2__ who is motivated （激发） to learn for the sake of __3__， not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given， the student is responsible for learning the material assigned.

　　When research is __4__ ， the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books， magazines， and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain __5__ a university library works； they expect students， particularly graduate students， to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it ， but __6__ that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties __7__ teaching， such as administrative or research work. __8__， the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work， the student should either __9__ a professor during office hours __10__ make an appointment.

　　1. A. suggestion B. context C. abstract D. information

　　2. A. such B. one C. any D. some

　　for the sake of 为┄┄好处、出于┄┄之兴趣

　　3. A. fun B. work C. learning D. prize

　　4. A. collected B. distributed C. assigned D. finished

　　assign 分配任务、工作给某人

　　eg. The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task.

　　distribute 分发、分配某事物，把┄┄分发给

　　5. A. when B. what C. why D. how

　　graduate 在英式英语中是本科生，研究生为postgraduate students

　　在美式英语中graduate students指的是研究生，

　　undergraduate students指本科生。

　　6. A. hate B. dislike C. like D. prefer

　　like， hate， dislike都不能跟宾语从句。

　　prefer 比较喜欢、宁愿，可跟宾语从句。

　　be dependent on sb. 依靠某人

　　to be independent 独立的

　　Prefer doing to doing

　　eg. I prefer walking to cycling.

　　7. A. but B. except C. with D. besides

　　but/ except eg. Isn't there anything but/ except mountains？

　　8. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless

　　therefore 因此

　　furthermore 此外，而且

　　nevertheless 然而

　　9. A. greet B. annoy C. approach D. attach

　　approach 接近

　　eg. As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.接近那座城市的时候，首先看到的是教堂。

　　attach 依附某人

　　10. A. or B. and C. to D. but

　　涉及到上下文的有3道

　　Passage 17

　　In the past， man didn't have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth， and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.

　　Today things are __1__. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly， and at the same time we are __2__ our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this， human life on the earth will not survive.

　　Everyone realizes today that if too many fish are taken from the sea， there will soon be none left. Yet， with modern fishing __3__ more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down， __4__ will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet， we __5__ to use bigger and more powerful machines to __6__ more and more trees.

　　We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories， we will die. __7__， in most countries wastes are still put into rivers or into the sea， and there are __8__ laws to stop this.

　　We know， too， that if the __9__ of the world continues to rise at the present rate， in a few years， there will not be enough food. What can we do to solve these problems？

　　If we eat more vegetables and less meat， there will be more food available for anyone. Land that is used to grow crops __10__ five times more people than land where animals are kept.

　　Our natural resources will use longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.

　　Finally， if we educate people to think about the problems， we shall have a better and cleaner earth in the future.

　　1. A. common B. the same C. changeable D. different

　　use sth. up 用尽（材料等）

　　eg. I've used up all the glue. 我把胶水全用光了。

　　eg. She used up the chicken bones to make soup.

　　2. A. protecting B. saving C. polluting D. fighting

　　with 随着

　　eg. Skill comes with experience. 经验越多，技巧越熟练。eg. Good wine will improve with age. 佳酿越陈越醇。

　　3. A. poles B. boats C. methods D. ideas

　　4. A. mountains B. the sea C. trees D. forests

　　5. A. continue B. have C. ought D. stop

　　6. A. grow B. plant C. save D. cut down

　　7. A. Thus B. However C. Generally speaking D. Therefore

　　8. A. too many B. a few C. some D. few

　　9. A. production B. pollution C. population D. revolution

　　available （指物）可用的或可得到的

　　eg. Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票。

　　You will be informed when the book becomes available.

　　这本书有货时就通知你。

　　10. A. feeds B. increases C. supplies D. helps

　　涉及到上下文的有2道

　　Passage 18

　　If you were shopping __1__ a record， a sweater， and a birthday gift for a friend， would you want to go from store to store or would you rather buy everything in one place __2__ you could？

　　A department store __3__ for sale， under one roof， almost anything you would want to buy. This kind of store saves people trouble and time. They do not have to visit many different stores to buy __4__ they want. Since department stores need great __5__ of customers to do enough business to make a profit （赢利）， they are usually found in cities with large populations.

　　Not all department stores are exactly the same. Some meet the needs of rich people and __6__ mostly expensive products of the best quality. __7__ depend on people with less money for their business and __8__ expensive goods.

　　Department store sell thousands of different kinds of things， __9__ some offer a more complete selection __10__ others.

　　shop for sth. 通常go shopping for sth. 去买东西、购买

　　eg. I'm shopping for Christmas presents.

　　1. A. on B. in C. for D. to

　　2. A. until B. if C. unless D. before

　　3. A. offers B. looks C. works D. plans

　　for sale 待售

　　eg. She has put her house up for sale. 她的房子现在出售。

　　on sale （尤指商店等的货物）出售、上市

　　The new model is not on sale in the shops. 这种新款式商店尚未上市

　　4. A. when B. what C. which D. where

　　a great deal of + 不可数名词

　　a large amount of + 不可数名词

　　a number of + 可数名词

　　可说 a large crowd

　　5. A. crowd B. numbers C. deal D. amount

　　carry （指商店）出售（某物），有货

　　I'm sorry， this shop doesn't carry cigarettes.对不起，本店不卖香烟。

　　6. A. give B. buy C. lay D. carry

　　7. A. Few B. All C. Many D. Others

　　8. A. little B. less C. much D. more

　　9. A. but B. as C. since D. for

　　10. A. than B. from C. to D. for

　　涉及到上下文的和语法的各1道，其他的要根据文章的意思推断

　　Passage 19

　　Mr. Steward was a rich industrialist， but he was not __1__ with his life. He didn't sleep well and his food didn't agree with him. The situation lasted for some time. At last， after a __2__ of sleepless nights， he decided to see his doctor. The doctor advised a change of surroundings. “Go abroad，” he said. “But I'm not good at foreign languages” said Mr. Steward. “It doesn't matter， ” said the doctor. “It won't hurt you to talk a little less. Start on a long journey by sea. Try to __3__ your weight. Avoid rich food.” Mr. Steward went to Sweden.

　　He didn't know French or German， and had to communicate through gestures （手势）。 He attended a physical training course. The teacher made him move his arms and shake his head fully. He had to lie on the ground and __4__ his right and left legs alternately. After a time his muscles grew hard and firm. He almost put aside his financial worries and almost forgot the importance of __5__ more money. He even began to __6__ trees and birds. He ate and slept well. __7__ he returned home. But unfortunately his improvement was __8__ soon he was worried about his __9__， his profits， his savings， his success in a __10__ society， and things in general.

　　1. A. good B. interested C. satisfied D. healthy

　　agree with sb. 尤用于否定句中或疑问句（对某人的健康或胃口）适合。

　　eg. The humid climate didn't agree with him. 那潮湿的气候对他不合适

　　I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don't agree with me.

　　series 一系列事物 eg. a series of good harvests 接连的丰收

　　a number of 一些

　　2. A. series B. course C. number D. few

　　few adj. （通常作定语） 与复数可数名词和动词复数形式连用

　　3. A. lighten B. deduce C. minus D. reduce

　　lighten （使某物）变轻 eg. lighten a burden

　　deduce 推断

　　minus 减法

　　reduce 减去

　　4. A. rise B. raise C. remove D. extend

　　rise vi.

　　raise\ vt.

　　extend 伸长、延长

　　5. A. creating B. producing C. making D. taking

　　create 创造

　　make 赚得、获得、取得

　　eg. She makes $15，000 a year. 她一年挣1万5千美圆。

　　He made a fortune by the stock market. 他在股票交易中发了财。

　　6. A. see B. notice C. glance D. consider

　　7. A. Luckily B. Finally C. Reluctantly D. Pleasantly

　　Reluctantly 不情愿的

　　8. A. gradual B. temporary C. great D. slight

　　9. A. property B. health C. food D. fancy

　　10. A. struggling B. business C. miserable D. competitive

　　business n. commercial adj.

　　Passage 20

　　About a hundred years ago， a baby tiger was found in a wild forest in India. At that time， a ship was just getting ready to sail for England and so it was decided that he should __1__ to London.

　　In those days there were no steamships， and it took many __2__ for a ship to sail from India to England. The Little tiger soon __3__ himself at home on board the ship and he was liked by everyone.

　　He was not __4__ to do any harm， and so he was allowed to run __5__ as he wished. He was always ready for a game with anyone who had time to play. He slept with the sailors. He took his food __6__ their hands. He raced with them on the deck.

　　He was very fond of meat， and now and then he would steal a piece from the cook's room. One day a cook __7__ him， just as he __8__ a piece of meat， and gave him a good beating. But after that he was __9__ friendly to the cook as to anyone __10__.

　　1. A. go B. sail C. be sent D. be passed

　　2. A. months B. goods C. time D. times

　　3. A. got B. kept C. made D. took

　　made 常见的用法：make oneself at home

　　4. A. glad B. willing C. eager D. large enough

　　5. A. across B. about C. back D. out

　　run across 偶然碰见

　　6. A. on B. from C. of D. within

　　race with/ against sb. 参加速度竞赛

　　eg. The lorries were racing against each other.

　　一辆辆的卡车在争先恐后地行使。

　　be fond of 喜欢

　　7. A. caught B. realized C. invited D. had seen

　　8. A. ate B. had eaten C. had stolen D. was stealing

　　9. A. such B. that C. as D. so

　　10. A. else B. as well C. too D. either

　　Passage 21

　　A language is a signalling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds， and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.

　　Let us look at this definition __1__ more detail because it is language， more __2__ anything else， that distinguishes man from the vest of the animal world.

　　Other animals communicate __3__ one another by means of cries： for example， many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger； apes utter different __4__， such as expressions of danger， fear and pleasure. But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance， animals' cries are not articulate. This means， basically， that they lack structure. They lack， for example， the kind of structure __5__ by the contrast between vowels and consonants. They also lack the kind of structure that __6__ us to divide a human utterance into words.

　　We can change an utterance __7__ replacing one word in it by another： a good illustration of this is a soldier __8__ can say， e.g. ， “tanks approaching from the north”， or he can change one word and say “aircraft __9__ from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”； but a bird has a single alarm cry， which __10__ “danger！”

　　文章第一句话，主题句

　　signalling 信号

　　vocal 嗓音的

　　symbolic 象征的

　　communication 交流

　　operate 起作用、发生影响。

　　eg. The new law operates to our advantage. 新法规对我们有利。

　　The system operates in five countries.有五个国家实施这种体制。

　　1. A. in B. at C. or D. or

　　2. A. than B. to C. if D. and

　　whom B. with C. however D. otherwise

　　by means of sth. （正式文多用）用某种方法、借助于某事物。

　　eg. lift the load by means of a crane. 用起重机把重物吊起。

　　4. A. danger B. fear C. cries D. shouting

　　shouting， shout本身就可以是名词，意思为欢叫，惊叫。

　　differ 是动词，名词为difference， 形容词为different.

　　5. A. give B. given C. giving D. to give

　　6. A. enable B. enables C. enabled D. having enable

　　7. A. at B. over C. with D. by

　　8. A. which B. that C. whom D. when

　　9. A. approach B. approaching C. approve D. approving

　　10. A. sings B. speaks C. points D. means

　　涉及到语法的有4道，涉及到上下文的有2道

　　Passage 22

　　When Americans meet their friends， they often start their conversations with a greeting and may then ask about their friends， families， and jobs. Most of __1__ the conversation is optimistic （乐观的）。 Even conversations about __2__ events such as serious illness， family problems or __3__ usually end up in a hopeful way. People discuss special family events __4__ marriages， births， graduations， new jobs and new homes. One friend will usually wish the other good luck or __5__ congratulations. If the news is unhappy， he or she will __6__ sympathy and then add a hopeful comment.

　　There are special rules about the discussion of money. Friends like to __7__ good news like a job promotion （升职） or buying a new house， car or furniture. But they seldom discuss the __8__ of money they got or __9__. A friend __10__ tell you how much an item （一件东西） cost but it is not polite to ask， “How much was it？ ”

　　1. A. the time B. time C. hours D. while

　　2. A. ill B. sad C. happy D. badly

　　badly adv. 不好的、坏的

　　3. A. death B. dead C. deaths D. dying

　　death 做死亡讲的时候是可数名词。

　　eg. There have been more deaths from drowning.

　　A bad driver was responsible for their deaths.

　　death 做生命的终止、死亡的状态讲的时候是不可数名词。

　　eg. Food poisoning can cause death. 食物中毒可导致死亡。

　　You're drinking yourself to death. 你这样喝酒，非喝死不可。

　　end up 到达或来到某处，达到某状态或采取某行动。

　　eg. If you continue to steal you'll end up in prison.

　　At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.

　　If he carries on driving like that， he'll end up dead.

　　4. A. as B. example C. likely D. such as

　　likely adj. （likelier， likeliest）

　　be likely to do sth./that… 预期的、 可能的

　　eg. It isn't likely to rain. 不大像要下雨。

　　eg. She is very likely to ring me tonight. （也可以说 It's very likely that she'll ring me tonight.）

　　5. A. offer B. warn C. support D. afford

　　offer 给予

　　eg. The job offers prospects of promotion. 这份工作有晋升的机会。

　　afford （不用于被动语态）通常与can， could或be able to连用。为（某目的）有足够的钱、时间、地点等。

　　eg. They walked because they couldn't afford a taxi.

　　eg. I'd love to go on holiday but I can't afford the time.

　　6. A. play B. express C. speak D. prepare

　　7. A. buy B. write C. share D. divide

　　divide 分开

　　8. A. score B. number C. quantity D. amount

　　score 分数

　　9. A. enjoy B. spend C. cost D. print

　　10. A. must B. need C. should D. might

　　做好完型填空，掌握相应的词汇量也是必需的。

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